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	bibo:abstract "The digital era has brought significant changes to the education sector, placing school principals in a crucial role as digital leaders. This study, part of the first phase of the Design and Development Research (DDR) approach, aims to (1) explore the challenges faced  by school principals as  digital leaders and (2) analyze the need  for developing  a digital  leadership competency  model for school principals in Malaysia. Through semi-structured  interviews with five field  experts  selected  via  purposive  sampling,  including digital  leadership specialists  and  school  leaders,  the  research  identifies  key  challenges  in integrating technology into schools. These challenges span technical, cultural, financial, and operational domains, with notable issues such as a digital skills gap  among  teachers,  inadequate  infrastructure,  and  financial  constraints. Further  difficulties  arise  from  the  lack  of  continuous  technical  support, resistance  from  parents  and  the  community,  and  shifting  attitudes  toward technology.  Constraints  in  providing  ongoing  training  complicate  digital leadership  efforts  while  ensuring  a  secure  digital  environment  remains  a priority. The study also outlines essential components for an effective digital leadership competency model, including clear guidelines for leadership, a self-assessment  tool  for  principals,  and  frameworks  addressing  ethics  and cybersecurity. Collaboration, building networks, and community engagement are vital for overcoming these barriers. This study emphasizes the importance of equipping school leaders with the tools, training, and support necessary to lead successful digital transformations in education."^^xsd:string;
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