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This study explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing instructional leadership practices among school leaders in four Malaysian states, in alignment with the demands of the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR). As education increasingly embraces digital transformation, AI integration is crucial in developing digitally fluent students and equipping leaders to meet evolving educational needs. Grounded in Hallinger’s (1985) instructional leadership framework and the Explainable AI (XAI) model by Arrieta et al. (2020), the research focuses on three objectives: (1) identifying the types of AI tools used by school leaders, (2) assessing the current level of instructional leadership practices, and (3) determining the extent to which AI contributes to these practices. Data were gathered by questionnaires and analysed using SPSS Version 18.0. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) were used for background and leadership data, while multiple regression analysis identified significant AI contributors. Findings reveal ChatGPT as the most widely adopted AI tool (90.9%), followed by the local Tanya Buku application (58.8%). The overall level of instructional leadership practice was low to moderate (M=2.67), with AI being most used in setting school goals (M=2.78). Regression analysis confirmed six AI tools—including In video AI, Suno AI, Kahoot, and Magic School—as significant contributors to effective instructional leadership. This study highlights the potential of AI to transform leadership practices in Malaysian schools and proposes the development of AI-integrated instructional leadership models to support more effective and future-ready school management.
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