@mastersthesis{iab_repo718,
          author = {Wong Amir Sharifuddin},
           title = {ANXIETY LEVEL AMONG NATIONAL FOOTBALL REFEREES},
            year = {1998},
          school = {International Islamic University Malaysia},
        keywords = {ANXIETY LEVEL AMONG NATIONAL FOOTBALL REFEREES},
             url = {http://eprints.iab.edu.my/v2/718/},
        abstract = {This study is aimed to identify the anxiety level and the type A personality among national football referees. It will enhance the researcher's understanding (who himself is a FIFA referee) of factors affecting anxiety among football referees, and later suggest appropriate coping strategies. Martens' SCAT, Spielberger's STAI and Jerabek's Type A Personality instruments were adopted to measure the trait anxiety, state anxiety and personality types, respectively. Factors affecting the anxiety as perceived by respondents were also identified. Out of the 90 referees, 73 responded to the instruments (SCAT and Type A Personality) administered simultaneously, while STAI was administered a few hours before the respondent refereed a football match. Post hoc analysis suggests that there is significant correlation between the trait anxiety and state anxiety among the national football referees. However, There is significant difference in the trait anxiety level between the older and younger referees, and in the state anxiety level among the more nationally experienced referees and the less experienced referees. The findings matched some of past studies. Type A personality is not related to the trait and state anxiety level. Besides, there is no significant difference in the trait anxiety and state anxiety among referees in terms of age, fitness level and experience. Factors perceived by referees to affect the anxiety level are internal (personal) variables and external situational) variables. This finding matched past studies which suggested that individual perception, past experiences and situational factors do affect the anxiety level. The study recommends that other instruments may be employed to further enhance future study in this field. Suggestions are also given to reduce the anxiety level of the national referees through more match exposure and stress management techniques.}
}